1. 概述
在本系列的第五篇文章中,我们将说明如何借助一个很酷的库-rsql-parser来构建REST API查询语言。
RSQL是Feed Item Query Language(FIQL)的超集-一种干净简单的feed过滤器语法;所以它很自然地适合REST API。
2. 准备工作
首先,让我们向库中添加一个 Maven依赖项:
<dependency>
<groupId>cz.jirutka.rsql</groupId>
<artifactId>rsql-parser</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0</version>
</dependency>
并且还定义了我们将在整个示例中使用的主要实体-User:
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String email;
private int age;
}
3. 解析请求
RSQL表达式在内部表示的方式是节点的形式,访问者模式用于解析输入。
考虑到这一点,我们将实现RSQLVisitor接口并创建我们自己的访问者实现CustomRsqlVisitor:
public class CustomRsqlVisitor<T> implements RSQLVisitor<Specification<T>, Void> {
private GenericRsqlSpecBuilder<T> builder;
public CustomRsqlVisitor() {
builder = new GenericRsqlSpecBuilder<T>();
}
@Override
public Specification<T> visit(AndNode node, Void param) {
return builder.createSpecification(node);
}
@Override
public Specification<T> visit(OrNode node, Void param) {
return builder.createSpecification(node);
}
@Override
public Specification<T> visit(ComparisonNode node, Void params) {
return builder.createSecification(node);
}
}
现在我们需要处理持久性并从这些节点中的每一个构建我们的查询。
我们将使用我们之前使用的Spring Data JPA Specifications,我们将实现一个规范构建器来从我们访问的每个节点中构建规范:
public class GenericRsqlSpecBuilder<T> {
public Specification<T> createSpecification(Node node) {
if (node instanceof LogicalNode) {
return createSpecification((LogicalNode) node);
}
if (node instanceof ComparisonNode) {
return createSpecification((ComparisonNode) node);
}
return null;
}
public Specification<T> createSpecification(LogicalNode logicalNode) {
List<Specification> specs = logicalNode.getChildren()
.stream()
.map(node -> createSpecification(node))
.filter(Objects::nonNull)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
Specification<T> result = specs.get(0);
if (logicalNode.getOperator() == LogicalOperator.AND) {
for (int i = 1; i < specs.size(); i++) {
result = Specification.where(result).and(specs.get(i));
}
} else if (logicalNode.getOperator() == LogicalOperator.OR) {
for (int i = 1; i < specs.size(); i++) {
result = Specification.where(result).or(specs.get(i));
}
}
return result;
}
public Specification<T> createSpecification(ComparisonNode comparisonNode) {
Specification<T> result = Specification.where(
new GenericRsqlSpecification<T>(
comparisonNode.getSelector(),
comparisonNode.getOperator(),
comparisonNode.getArguments()
)
);
return result;
}
}
注意如何:
- LogicalNode是一个AND/OR节点并且有多个子节点
- ComparisonNode没有子节点,它包含Selector、Operator和Arguments
例如,对于查询“name==john”,我们有:
- 选择器:“name”
- 运算符:“==”
- 参数:[john]
4. 创建自定义规范
在构造查询时,我们使用了规范:
public class GenericRsqlSpecification<T> implements Specification<T> {
private String property;
private ComparisonOperator operator;
private List<String> arguments;
@Override
public Predicate toPredicate(Root<T> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder builder) {
List<Object> args = castArguments(root);
Object argument = args.get(0);
switch (RsqlSearchOperation.getSimpleOperator(operator)) {
case EQUAL: {
if (argument instanceof String) {
return builder.like(root.get(property), argument.toString().replace('*', '%'));
} else if (argument == null) {
return builder.isNull(root.get(property));
} else {
return builder.equal(root.get(property), argument);
}
}
case NOT_EQUAL: {
if (argument instanceof String) {
return builder.notLike(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString().replace('*', '%'));
} else if (argument == null) {
return builder.isNotNull(root.get(property));
} else {
return builder.notEqual(root.get(property), argument);
}
}
case GREATER_THAN: {
return builder.greaterThan(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString());
}
case GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL: {
return builder.greaterThanOrEqualTo(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString());
}
case LESS_THAN: {
return builder.lessThan(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString());
}
case LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL: {
return builder.lessThanOrEqualTo(root.<String> get(property), argument.toString());
}
case IN:
return root.get(property).in(args);
case NOT_IN:
return builder.not(root.get(property).in(args));
}
return null;
}
private List<Object> castArguments(final Root<T> root) {
Class<? extends Object> type = root.get(property).getJavaType();
List<Object> args = arguments.stream().map(arg -> {
if (type.equals(Integer.class)) {
return Integer.parseInt(arg);
} else if (type.equals(Long.class)) {
return Long.parseLong(arg);
} else {
return arg;
}
}).collect(Collectors.toList());
return args;
}
// standard constructor, getter, setter
}
请注意规范如何使用泛型并且不绑定到任何特定实体(例如用户)。
接下来——这是我们的枚举“RsqlSearchOperation”,它包含默认的rsql-parser运算符:
public enum RsqlSearchOperation {
EQUAL(RSQLOperators.EQUAL),
NOT_EQUAL(RSQLOperators.NOT_EQUAL),
GREATER_THAN(RSQLOperators.GREATER_THAN),
GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL(RSQLOperators.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL),
LESS_THAN(RSQLOperators.LESS_THAN),
LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL(RSQLOperators.LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL),
IN(RSQLOperators.IN),
NOT_IN(RSQLOperators.NOT_IN);
private ComparisonOperator operator;
private RsqlSearchOperation(ComparisonOperator operator) {
this.operator = operator;
}
public static RsqlSearchOperation getSimpleOperator(ComparisonOperator operator) {
for (RsqlSearchOperation operation : values()) {
if (operation.getOperator() == operator) {
return operation;
}
}
return null;
}
}
5. 测试搜索查询
现在让我们开始通过一些真实场景测试我们新的灵活操作:
首先,让我们初始化数据:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { PersistenceConfig.class })
@Transactional
@TransactionConfiguration
public class RsqlTest {
@Autowired
private UserRepository repository;
private User userJohn;
private User userTom;
@Before
public void init() {
userJohn = new User();
userJohn.setFirstName("john");
userJohn.setLastName("doe");
userJohn.setEmail("john@doe.com");
userJohn.setAge(22);
repository.save(userJohn);
userTom = new User();
userTom.setFirstName("tom");
userTom.setLastName("doe");
userTom.setEmail("tom@doe.com");
userTom.setAge(26);
repository.save(userTom);
}
}
现在让我们测试不同的操作:
5.1 测试相等
在以下示例中,我们将按用户的名字和姓氏搜索用户:
@Test
public void givenFirstAndLastName_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("firstName==john;lastName==doe");
Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);
assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}
5.2 测试否定
接下来,让我们搜索名字不是“john”的用户:
@Test
public void givenFirstNameInverse_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("firstName!=john");
Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);
assertThat(userTom, isIn(results));
assertThat(userJohn, not(isIn(results)));
}
5.3 测试大于
接下来,我们将搜索年龄大于“25”的用户:
@Test
public void givenMinAge_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("age>25");
Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);
assertThat(userTom, isIn(results));
assertThat(userJohn, not(isIn(results)));
}
5.4 测试模糊匹配
接下来。我们将搜索名字以“jo”开头的用户:
@Test
public void givenFirstNamePrefix_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("firstName==jo*");
Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);
assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}
5.5 测试输入
接下来,我们将搜索他们的名字是“john”或“jack”的用户:
@Test
public void givenListOfFirstName_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse("firstName=in=(john,jack)");
Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
List<User> results = repository.findAll(spec);
assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}
6. UserController
最后,让我们把它与控制器联系起来:
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, value = "/users")
@ResponseBody
public List<User> findAllByRsql(@RequestParam(value = "search") String search) {
Node rootNode = new RSQLParser().parse(search);
Specification<User> spec = rootNode.accept(new CustomRsqlVisitor<User>());
return dao.findAll(spec);
}
这是一个示例网址:
http://localhost:8080/users?search=firstName==jo*;age<25
和响应:
[{
"id":1,
"firstName":"john",
"lastName":"doe",
"email":"john@doe.com",
"age":24
}]
7. 总结
本教程说明了如何为REST API构建查询/搜索语言,而无需重新发明语法,而是使用FIQL/RSQL。
与往常一样,本教程的完整源代码可在GitHub上获得。